Vitamin B2

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) reference formula at a default of 100 mg per serving, developed as a capsule, tablet or powder.

Vitamin B2 is a reference formula for brands building a single-ingredient riboflavin product around 100 mg per serving. The brand sets the final amount for its market, and reference labels span 6.5 to 400 mg per serving.

Capsule is the lead format because most reference labels use it, with tablet and powder developed alongside. The work centers on a bright yellow, poorly soluble, light-sensitive vitamin: color, dissolution and protection from light decide how the unit is made and packed.

Ingredient Composition

IngredientPer ServingRaw Material FormAlternative Form (same amount of active)
Vitamin B2100 mgRiboflavin powder, specified as riboflavin; 100 mg vitamin B2 per servingRiboflavin 5′-phosphate sodium, a more soluble form with a different weight per mg of riboflavin

The amount is stated as mg of riboflavin. Riboflavin is C17H20N4O6, 376.4 g/mol (PubChem CID 493570); the free form has no salt or hydrate conversion. If riboflavin 5′-phosphate is chosen, the specification states its riboflavin content and the input is calculated from it.

Intended Benefits & Formula Rationale

This formula is designed for products positioned around B-vitamin nutrition. Vitamin B2 is included as the single vitamin so that the concept stays on one nutrient.

Intended Benefit DirectionKey IngredientsFormulation Rationale
Energy-metabolism vitaminVitamin B2A review reports that riboflavin (B2) is required for the flavoenzymes of the respiratory chain, and that the B vitamins are water-soluble vitamins required as coenzymes for enzymes essential for cell function [1]. Evidence: Referenced

The amount is a design choice. The review in [1] describes the B vitamins in mitochondrial energy metabolism and does not test this formula, so any claim on a finished product is reviewed for each market.

Available Formats

Reference labels are mostly capsules and tablets, with a smaller group of powders; these three formats are developed here.

FormatUnitPer ServingPack SizeOther Ingredients (typical)Suitability
Capsule1 capsuleVitamin B2 100 mg60 or 120 capsulesVegetable cellulose capsule shell, silica, vegetable magnesium stearateLead format; amber or opaque bottle
Tablet1 tabletVitamin B2 100 mg60 or 100 tabletsMicrocrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose, magnesium stearate, coatingCompressed unit; coating limits color transfer
Powder1 stick pack, 3 gVitamin B2 100 mg30 stick packsSweetener, acid, flavor, flow agentDissolves into a drink; yellow color is visible

Raw Material Input & Fill (Design Estimate)

Design estimates. Riboflavin is assumed at 100% of its declared weight, so 100 mg per serving needs 100 mg of raw material; the supplier’s assay is applied once the lot is chosen.

FormatRaw Material Input per UnitDesign FillBalance for ExcipientsVerification Before Scale-Up
Capsule100 mg250 mg per capsule150 mgBlend uniformity of a bright powder, capsule weight spread, riboflavin assay in light
Tablet100 mg300 mg tablet weight200 mgCompression and mottling, hardness, disintegration, color stability
Powder100 mg3 g per stick pack2,900 mgDissolution in water, color intensity, taste

Liquid and gummy are separate projects, because riboflavin is poorly soluble in water and degrades quickly in light in those systems.

Formulation Considerations

Light sensitivity. Riboflavin degrades under light, especially in solution. Opaque or amber packaging, light-protected processing and a stability assay are part of the plan.
Color. The vitamin is a strong yellow, and it tints the unit, the equipment and the urine of the user. Tablet coatings, capsule shell color and the powder format’s appearance in water are checked in the pilot run.
Low solubility. Riboflavin dissolves slowly in water, so a powder drink is a suspension unless a more soluble form is chosen. Particle size and a dispersing agent are tested.
Content uniformity. At 100 mg in a 250 to 300 mg unit the vitamin is a large share of the unit, but its color makes streaking easy to see; blending time and sieving are set in the pilot run.

Customization Options

The adjustable points for riboflavin are the dose, the form and the pack.

ParameterRangeNote
Vitamin B2 per serving50, 100 or 400 mgExamples for the brand; unit weight follows the dose
FormRiboflavin or riboflavin 5′-phosphateDifferent weights per mg of riboflavin
FormatCapsule, tablet or powderLiquid and gummy are separate projects
Add-onsOther B vitamins, magnesiumA second ingredient changes the unit weight and the color plan

The pilot run confirms the riboflavin assay after a light hold, capsule fill weight, and tablet mottling at the chosen coating.

Flavor Options

FormatSuggested FlavorsWhy
PowderOrange, tropical, lemonCitrus flavors match the yellow color of the drink

Technical Status & Data Sources

ItemStatusDetails
Reference formulaNIH DSLDThe ingredient and amount come from a labeled product in the NIH DSLD (100 mg on the label of CF002925; example DSLD labels 19050, 36362, 183422). The label names the ingredient as vitamin B2; riboflavin is set as the form.
SpecificationSet in formulationRiboflavin at 100 mg per serving; assay, moisture, microbial and heavy-metal limits and method are fixed with the supplier. Unit size, fill weight and stability are set in formulation.
Data sourceNIH DSLDDSLD v9.4.0, downloaded 2026-01-10: 50,824 reference formulas merged from on-market labels with complete ingredient amounts. Counts show how labels are distributed.
Market reviewPer marketDose limits, labeling and claims are reviewed for each sales market before a finished product is developed.
ReferencesSources[1] Depeint F, Bruce WR, Shangari N, et al. Mitochondrial function and toxicity: role of the B vitamin family on mitochondrial energy metabolism. Chem Biol Interact. 2006;163(1-2):94-112. DOI · PubMed

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