Vitamin C, Vitamin E & Pantothenic Acid

Vitamin C, vitamin E and pantothenic acid reference formula at example amounts of 125 mg, 67 mg and 100 mg per serving, developed as a capsule or gummy.

Vitamin C, Vitamin E & Pantothenic Acid is a reference formula for brands building a three-vitamin product around example amounts of 125 mg of vitamin C, 67 mg of vitamin E and 100 mg of pantothenic acid per serving. The brand sets the final amounts for its market. Reference labels span vitamin C from 10 to 600 mg, vitamin E from 3.7 to 268.5 mg and pantothenic acid from 2.6 to 250 mg, so the example is a starting point rather than a standard.

Capsule is developed as the lead format for the example amounts, and a gummy version is developed for brands that sell this vitamin group as a chewable. The work centers on mixing a water-soluble acid, a fat-soluble vitamin and a hygroscopic salt in one unit without losing potency to each other or to moisture.

Ingredient Composition

IngredientPer ServingRaw Material FormAlternative Form (same amount of active)
Vitamin C125 mg (example amount)L-ascorbic acid, specified on an ascorbic acid basis; 125 mg vitamin C per servingSodium ascorbate or calcium ascorbate, with the input recalculated for the salt
Vitamin E67 mg (example amount)Dry vitamin E powder (tocopheryl acetate on a carrier), specified on the unit of the label amount; 67 mg per servingNatural mixed tocopherols, which are a different form and unit basis
Pantothenic Acid100 mg (example amount)Calcium D-pantothenate, specified as pantothenic acid equivalent; 100 mg pantothenic acid per servingD-panthenol or sodium D-pantothenate, with the input recalculated

Vitamin C and pantothenic acid are stated as mg of the active. Calcium D-pantothenate (C18H32CaN2O10, 476.5 g/mol; PubChem CID 443753) carries two pantothenic acid units (C9H17NO5, 219.23 g/mol; PubChem CID 6613), so 100 mg of pantothenic acid needs about 108.7 mg of the salt (100 × 476.5 ÷ 438.46). Vitamin E is stated in mg as on the reference label; the conversion between mg and IU depends on the natural or synthetic form and is not made here.

Intended Benefits & Formula Rationale

This formula is designed for products positioned around B-vitamin and antioxidant vitamin intake in one daily unit. Vitamin C and vitamin E are included as the antioxidant pair, and pantothenic acid as the energy-metabolism vitamin.

Intended Benefit DirectionKey IngredientsFormulation Rationale
Antioxidant vitamin pairVitamin C, Vitamin EA review describes vitamin C as an essential cofactor for dioxygenases and vitamin E as an essential lipid-soluble antioxidant, and reports that vitamin C provides protection against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage partly through vitamin E-dependent neutralization of lipid hydroperoxyl radicals [1]. Evidence: Referenced
Energy-metabolism vitaminPantothenic AcidA review reports that pantothenic acid (B5) is required for coenzyme A formation and is essential for the alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes as well as fatty acid oxidation [2]. Evidence: Referenced

The amounts are examples. The reviews in [1] and [2] describe the vitamins and do not test this combination, so any claim on a finished product is reviewed for each market.

Available Formats

The reference labels are mostly gummies, with capsules behind them; capsule and gummy are developed here.

FormatUnitPer ServingPack SizeOther Ingredients (typical)Suitability
Capsule2 capsulesVitamin C 125 mg, vitamin E 67 mg, pantothenic acid 100 mg120 capsules (60 servings)HPMC capsule shell, microcrystalline cellulose, silica, ascorbyl palmitateLead format for the example amounts
Gummy2 gummiesVitamin C 125 mg, vitamin E 67 mg, pantothenic acid 100 mg60 gummies (30 servings)Pectin, sweetener, citric acid, flavor, coating oilChewable format; acidic base protects vitamin C

Raw Material Input & Fill (Design Estimate)

Design estimates. Ascorbic acid and calcium D-pantothenate are assumed at 100% purity, and the dry vitamin E powder is assumed at 50% potency in the unit of the label, so 67 mg of vitamin E needs 134 mg of powder. Together the three raw materials weigh about 368 mg per serving.

FormatRaw Material Input per UnitDesign FillBalance for ExcipientsVerification Before Scale-Up
CapsuleAscorbic acid 62.5 mg, vitamin E powder 67 mg, calcium D-pantothenate 54.4 mg; 184 mg in total250 mg per capsule66 mgAssay of all three vitamins, blend uniformity, capsule weight spread, moisture pick-up
GummyPer gummy: ascorbic acid 62.5 mg, vitamin E powder 67 mg, calcium D-pantothenate 54.4 mg3.5 g per gummyabout 3.3 gPotency of each vitamin after cooking and storage, gummy texture, sticking, water activity

Tablet, powder and liquid are separate projects, because the three-vitamin blend needs its own compression, moisture and taste work in those systems.

Formulation Considerations

Interaction in one unit. Ascorbic acid is acidic and hygroscopic, vitamin E powder is oily, and the pantothenate salt attracts moisture. In a capsule, the blend needs low humidity and a flow agent; in a gummy, each vitamin faces heat and water, so overage and stability data are set from the pilot run.
Gummy chemistry. Vitamin C degrades at the pH and temperature of a pectin gummy, and vitamin E powder can bloom oil at the surface. The base pH, the cooking temperature and the coating are tested for potency retention and texture.
Units on the label. The label amounts for vitamin E are in mg, not IU, and the vitamin forms differ between natural and synthetic. The specification names the form and the unit, and label copy follows that choice.
Vitamin E level. A meta-analysis of 19 trials with 135,967 participants reports that high-dosage vitamin E supplementation of 400 IU per day or more may increase all-cause mortality [3]. The 67 mg example is well below that level, and any higher amount is checked against it before it is offered.

Customization Options

Brands adjust the amounts, the forms, the format and the add-ons.

ParameterRangeNote
Vitamin C per serving30, 60, 125 or 250 mgExamples for the brand; input recalculated for the form
Vitamin E per serving7.7, 18, 67 or 134 mgExamples for the brand; checked against the high-dose safety signal in [3]
Pantothenic acid per serving10, 50 or 100 mgExamples for the brand; salt weight added
FormatCapsule or gummyTablet, powder and liquid are separate projects
Add-onsVitamin B6, vitamin D, zincA fourth active changes the unit weight and the stability plan

The pilot run confirms potency of all three vitamins after storage, gummy texture and sticking, and capsule blend uniformity.

Flavor Options

FormatSuggested FlavorsWhy
GummyOrange, mixed berry, lemonCitrus and berry flavors suit a vitamin C base

Technical Status & Data Sources

ItemStatusDetails
Reference formulaNIH DSLDThe ingredient and amount come from a labeled product in the NIH DSLD (Vitamin C 125 mg + Vitamin E 67 mg + Pantothenic Acid 100 mg on the label of CF017033, a multi-nutrient capsule that also lists other vitamins and minerals; example DSLD labels 218274, 230808). The label names the three vitamins by name; the salt and dry-powder forms are set in formulation.
SpecificationSet in formulationAscorbic acid, vitamin E powder and calcium D-pantothenate specified at the stated amounts; assays, moisture, microbial and heavy-metal limits and method are fixed with the supplier. Unit size, fill weight and stability are set in formulation.
Data sourceNIH DSLDDSLD v9.4.0, downloaded 2026-01-10: 50,824 reference formulas merged from on-market labels with complete ingredient amounts. Counts show how labels are distributed.
Market reviewPer marketDose limits, labeling and claims are reviewed for each sales market before a finished product is developed.
ReferencesSources[1] Traber MG, Stevens JF. Vitamins C and E: beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011;51(5):1000-13. DOI · PubMed<br>[2] Depeint F, Bruce WR, Shangari N, et al. Mitochondrial function and toxicity: role of the B vitamin family on mitochondrial energy metabolism. Chem Biol Interact. 2006;163(1-2):94-112. DOI · PubMed<br>[3] Miller ER, Pastor-Barriuso R, Dalal D, et al. Meta-analysis: high-dosage vitamin E supplementation may increase all-cause mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142(1):37-46. DOI · PubMed

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