Vitamin B12 & Calcium

Vitamin B12 and calcium reference formula with example amounts of 1 mg and 100 mg per serving, developed as a tablet.

Vitamin B12 & Calcium is a reference formula for brands building a B12 tablet that includes a small calcium component, with each ingredient declared by weight. The example serving carries 1 mg of vitamin B12 and 100 mg of calcium in one tablet, and the brand sets the final amounts, the vitamin B12 form and the calcium source for its market.

A tablet is the lead format because 28 of the 32 reference labels are tablets, usually small tablets or sublingual tablets. The development work centers on the vitamin B12 form, the milligram-level B12 dose against a hundred-milligram calcium carrier, and the tablet type.

Ingredient Composition

IngredientPer ServingRaw Material FormAlternative Form (same amount of active)
Vitamin B121 mg (example amount)Cyanocobalamin or methylcobalamin, premixed on a carrier; specification 1 mg (1,000 mcg) vitamin B12 per serving, with form and assay set with the supplierThe other B12 form at the same weight
Calcium100 mg (example amount)Calcium from dicalcium phosphate or calcium carbonate used as a tablet base; declared as elemental calciumA different calcium salt at the weight that gives the same elemental calcium

The vitamin B12 amount is 1 mg, equal to 1,000 mcg. The calcium amount is elemental calcium, so the salt weight is higher and depends on the salt chosen. The labels name the ingredients as vitamin B12 and calcium; the forms are set in the specification.

Intended Benefits & Formula Rationale

This formula is designed for products positioned around B12 nutrition and daily energy metabolism. Vitamin B12 is the lead ingredient, with calcium as a small mineral component of the tablet, so that the B12 form and the tablet type can be set together.

Intended Benefit DirectionKey IngredientsFormulation Rationale
Vitamin B12 nutritionVitamin B12A systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 studies (6,098 participants) found that vitamin B12 supplementation was associated with a significant increase in serum cobalamin across all routes of administration (pooled mean difference of 402.6 pg/mL), and that sublingual and oral B12 appear as effective as intramuscular injection, with high heterogeneity between studies [1]. Evidence: Referenced
Mineral componentCalciumIncluded as a small calcium component of the tablet. Evidence: Product positioning

The example amounts are starting points, and the brand sets the final amounts and the format for its market.

Available Formats

The reference formula is built for a tablet version; counts per serving are design choices that the brand can adjust.

FormatUnitPer ServingPack SizeOther Ingredients (typical)Suitability
Tablet1 tablet1 mg vitamin B12 + 100 mg calcium60 or 120 tabletsBinder, disintegrant, glidant, sweetener for sublingual tabletsLead format; small tablet or sublingual tablet

Raw Material Input & Fill (Design Estimate)

Design estimates. Cyanocobalamin is assumed as a 1% premix on a carrier, so 1 mg of vitamin B12 needs 100 mg of premix, and dicalcium phosphate is assumed at 23% elemental calcium, so 100 mg of calcium needs about 435 mg of salt.

FormatRaw Material Input per UnitDesign FillBalance for ExcipientsVerification Before Scale-Up
Tablet100 mg B12 premix (1 mg B12); about 435 mg dicalcium phosphate (100 mg Ca)About 600 mg tabletAbout 65 mg binder, disintegrant and glidantBlend uniformity, hardness, disintegration or dissolution under the tongue, B12 assay

Capsule and liquid versions are separate projects. A spray or gummy is also separate, because the B12 dose needs its own uniformity study in those bases.

Formulation Considerations

B12 form. Cyanocobalamin and methylcobalamin are different raw materials with different stability and different label names. The form is set before the tablet is designed, and the light sensitivity of methylcobalamin is handled in packaging.
Content uniformity. At 1 mg, vitamin B12 is a very small share of a 600 mg tablet. A premix on a carrier and a geometric blending step are specified, and uniformity is tested across the run.
Tablet type. A sublingual or chewable tablet is a different design from a swallowed tablet, with sweetener, flavor and dissolution requirements. The tablet type is chosen with the brand, because the cited review is about both oral and sublingual routes [1].
Evidence and claims. The cited serum cobalamin result comes from studies with high heterogeneity and possible publication bias [1], so claims on a finished product are reviewed for each sales market before a product is developed.

Customization Options

Brands adjust the vitamin B12 amount and form, the calcium source and the tablet type.

ParameterRangeNote
Vitamin B12 per serving7.5 mcg to 2.5 mg across the reference labelsThe unit is stated in mcg on many markets
Vitamin B12 formCyanocobalamin or methylcobalaminSets stability and labeling
Calcium per serving100 to 250 mg across the reference labelsElemental calcium, from the tablet base
FormatTablet (swallowed, chewable or sublingual)Capsule and liquid are separate projects
Add-onsFolic acid, vitamin B6Each add-on changes the tablet weight and the stability

The pilot run confirms the content uniformity of vitamin B12, the tablet hardness and dissolution, and the assay of the first fills.

Flavor Options

FormatSuggested FlavorsWhy
TabletUnflavored, cherry, mint for sublingual tabletsLight flavors suit a tablet dissolved under the tongue

Technical Status & Data Sources

ItemStatusDetails
Reference formulaNIH DSLDThe ingredients and amounts come from a labeled product in the NIH DSLD (Vitamin B12 1 mg + Calcium 100 mg on the label of CF014254; example DSLD labels 205562, 318739). The label names the ingredients as vitamin B12 and calcium; the forms are set in the specification.
SpecificationSet in formulationVitamin B12 premix declared as vitamin B12 and elemental calcium from the chosen salt; assay, heavy metal and microbial limits and methods are fixed with the suppliers. Unit size, fill weight and stability are set in formulation.
Data sourceNIH DSLDDSLD v9.4.0, downloaded 2026-01-10: 50,824 reference formulas merged from on-market labels with complete ingredient amounts. Counts show how labels are distributed.
Market reviewPer marketDose limits, labeling and claims are reviewed for each sales market before a finished product is developed.
ReferencesSources[1] Mazur M, Ndokaj A, Salerno C, et al. Efficacy of sublingual and oral vitamin B12 versus intramuscular administration: insights from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1602976. DOI · PubMed

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